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Pigmentation refers to the coloring of skin, hair, eyes, or other tissues in living organisms, primarily due to the presence of pigments. In humans, the primary pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color is melanin, produced by cells called melanocytes.

Here are key points about pigmentation

Types of Pigmentation
  • Hyperpigmentation
  • Hypopigmentation
  • Depigmentation

Common Pigmentation Disorders:

  • Melasma: Brown patches, often on the face, common during pregnancy.

  • Vitiligo: White patches due to the immune system attacking melanocytes.

  • Freckles and Lentigines: Caused by sun exposure; more common in fair-skinned individuals.

Treatments for Pigmentation Issues:

  • Topical treatments (e.g., hydroquinone, retinoids, corticosteroids)

  • Chemical peels

  • Laser therapy

  • Sun protection (sunscreen use is critical)

  • Treating underlying conditions (e.g., hormone imbalances)

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